That was a task he held between 2011 and 2023, overlapping his time as finance minister between 2007 and 2015. He started his profession as an economist on the MAS in 1982 after a receiving a Bachelor of Science in Economics from the London College of Economics, a Grasp of Philosophy in Economics from the College of Cambridge and a Grasp in Public Administration from Harvard College’s Kennedy College of Authorities. He was additionally short-listed for the highest job on the Worldwide Financial Fund (IMF). Shanmugaratnam spent 22 years as a member of parliament, holding a number of governmental roles together with deputy prime minister,
